开头
"良好的开端是成功的一半"，一篇文章的开头是很重要的。文章有了好的开头，不仅能带动全篇，使文章顺利展开，而且能抓住读者，引人入胜。古人说的文章的"凤头、猪肚、豹尾"就含有这个意思。这里，向大家介绍几种比较好掌握的记叙文的开头方法：
一、开门见山法
（1）交代事件基本要素的叙述法
《挥手之间》的开头，交代了事件的时间、地点："一九四五年八月二十八日清早，从青凉山望下去，见有不少人顺着山上大路朝东门外飞机场走去。"
《记一次乒乓球赛》的开头,交代了时间的人物、起因和时间。
（2）开门见山、揭示主题的点题法
《背影》一文的开头写到："我与父亲不相见已二年多了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。"
《白杨礼赞》一文开头就说："白杨树实在是不平凡的，我赞美白杨树。"
《美好生活的剪影》的开头使用的也是这种方法。
（３）把事情的开头作为文章开头的自然起笔法
一篇题目是《记一堂生物课》的作文开头是这样的:"上课铃声响了,大家都走进了生物实验室。"
二、非开门见山法
这里所说的"非开门见山法",并非无"门",而是使用写作技法(如议论、描写、抒情、引用等)、修辞方法(如设问、比喻等)或其它的方法(如设置悬念等)把"门"装饰的更美一些,使文章更添文采,进而更深刻、更生动地表现主题,更引人入胜。如:
（1）环境描写、渲染气氛的描写法
《驿路梨花》的开头描写了自然环境："山，好大的山啊！起伏的青色群山一座挨一座，延伸到远方，消失在迷茫的春色中。"渲染了哀牢山中深远迷茫的气氛，对后文写边疆军民助人为乐的感人事迹起了衬托的作用。
例文《逝去的岁月》、《分房》开头使用的是这种方法。
（2）深化主题的议论抒情法
课文《谁是最可爱的人》、例文《不寻常的考试》都是用了这种开头方法。
（3）名言、警句、诗歌的引用法
《人民的勤务员》的开头："人的生命是有限的，可是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。"这是雷锋日记中一段着名的话，以这段话开头，对后文记述雷锋的事迹，无疑是起到了"文眼"的作用。
冰心的《每逢佳节》一文开头引用了王维的诗《九月九日忆山东兄弟》："独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。"入题新颖、感情真挚，点明了思念海外亲人的题旨。
（4）引人入胜的提示法
《第二次考试》的开头提出了一件奇怪的事情，引起读者的注意，自然会使人想到："这是为什么？"急于从后文中寻找答案，因而增强了文章的吸引力。
（5）吸引读者的设问法
有一篇作文的题目是《我的家乡》,它的开头是这样的:"朋友,你到过我的家乡吗？你登过我家乡的山、游过我家乡的水、吃过我家乡的肥鲤鱼吗？"
文章开头的写法是多种多样的，这里不过提示了其中常见的几种。在写作当中，有时并不能单一地使用某一种方法，而是几种方法兼而有之。究竟使用什么方法开头，要从文章的整体构思出发考虑，要从表现中心思想的需要出发，通篇安排整体设计，选择最恰当的开头方法。
英文版：
Beginning
"A good beginning is half done." the beginning of an article is very important. A good beginning of the article can not only drive the whole article, make the article unfold smoothly, but also catch the readers and attract people. The ancients said that the article "phoenix head, pig tripe, leopard tail" contains this meaning. Here, I would like to introduce to you some good ways to start a narrative
1. Get to the point
(1) narrating the basic elements of the event
In the beginning of "between waves", the time and place of the incident were explained: "in the early morning of August 28, 1945, looking down from Qingliang mountain, I saw many people walking along the mountain road towards the East Gate Airport. "
At the beginning of "remember a table tennis match", it explains the character, cause and time of time.
(2) to get to the point and reveal the theme
At the beginning of the article, "my father and I have not seen each other for more than two years, and the most important thing I can not forget is his back. "
"Poplar eulogy" at the beginning of the article said: "poplar is really extraordinary, I praise poplar. "
It's the same approach used at the beginning of silhouette of a good life.
(3) a natural way to start a story as the beginning of an article
A composition entitled "remember a biology lesson" begins with the following: "the bell rings for class, and everyone enters the biological laboratory. "
Second, not to get to the point
The "non opening method" here is not without "door", but the use of writing techniques (such as discussion, description, lyric, quotation, etc.), rhetorical methods (such as questioning, metaphor, etc.) or other methods (such as setting suspense, etc.) to decorate the "door" more beautiful, so as to add literary grace to the article, so as to express the theme more profoundly and vividly, and to be more attractive. For example:
(1) description of environment and atmosphere
"Yi Lu Li Hua" describes the natural environment at the beginning: "the mountain, what a big mountain! The rolling blue mountains one by one, extending to the distance, disappeared in the confused spring. "It plays a role in rendering the far-reaching and confused atmosphere in Ailao Mountain and setting off the touching deeds of the frontier army and people's helping others.
This method is used at the beginning of the examples of "the passing years" and "the allocation of houses".
(2) deepen the theme of the discussion Lyric method
This method is used in the text "who is the most lovely person" and the example "unusual examination".
(3) quotation of famous sayings, epigrams and poems
The beginning of the people's servant: "human life is limited, but serving the people is infinite. I will devote my limited life to serving the people infinitely. "This is a well-known sentence in Lei Feng's diary. Starting with this paragraph, it will undoubtedly play a" literary eye "role in recording Lei Feng's deeds later.
Bing Xin's article "every festival" quoted Wang Wei's poem "remembering Shandong brothers on September 9": "I'm a stranger in a foreign land, and I miss my relatives every festival. I know from afar where my brother ascends the heights, and there is one less dogwood. "The topic is novel and sincere, and points out the theme of missing overseas relatives.
(4) intriguing tips
At the beginning of the second examination, a strange thing is put forward to attract the attention of readers, which naturally makes people think: "why is this? "Eager to find the answer from the following text, thus enhancing the attractiveness of the article.
(5) asking questions to attract readers
There is a composition entitled "my hometown". It begins with the following: "friend, have you ever been to my hometown? Have you ever climbed the mountains, swam through the water and eaten the fat carp of my hometown? "
The beginning of the article is written in a variety of ways, but here are some of the common. In writing, sometimes we can't use a single method, but a combination of several methods. What kind of method should be used to start from the overall conception of the article, from the needs of expressing the central idea, the overall design should be arranged and the most appropriate opening method should be selected.
